This chapter begins with an explanation of the concepts of ‘externality’, the ‘polluter pays principle’ and the ‘internalization’ of the external costs. In the next section the arguments for and against the internalisation of environmental costs are discussed. This is followed by a review of issues associated with the monetary valuation of environmental costs, including (i) cost of environmental damage, (ii) cost of avoiding environmental damage, (iii) cost of traffic congestion and (iv) the use of marginal or average/aggregated costs in measurement of externalities. The chapter concludes with five case studies, giving European examples of the external costs of goods vehicle activity being calculated to determine an appropriate level of user charging. 

http://www.koganpage.com/product/green-logistics-9780749471859

« List
all items in current category